Origami As An Inclusive Term For All Folding Practices

What is it? Origami or 折りç ´â„¢, come from ori meaning folding, and kami meaning paper is the art of paper folding, which is commonly associated with Japanese culture. Today, the word origami is used as an inclusive term for all folding practices, globally. The goal is to transform a flat sheet square of paper into a finished sculpture through folding and sculpting techniques. Today s current origami artists usually discourage the use of cuts, glue, or markings on the paper. The small number of basic origami folds can be combined in a variety of ways to make on of a kind designs. The most famous origami model is the Japanese paper crane. The majority of these designs begin with a square sheet of paper which the sides may potentially be of different colours, prints, or patterns. Traditional Japanese Origami was rather relaxed compared to Origami practised in the Edo period. Today it is frowned upon to sometimes cut paper or to use non-square shapes to start with, back then it was absolutely fine. What is the history of it? The history of paper folding, in general, is really murky and no general argument exists as to where or when it was originally practised. The vast majority of art historians believe that origami was invented Japanese people in about 1000 CE, while there is documentation of traditional Japanese origami being practised since the early Edo period. Some art historians consider the invention of origami to lie in Chinese art, mostly because paper wasShow MoreRelatedManagement and Rolls Access Code14663 Words   |  59 PagesChapter Use this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Historical Background of Management †¢ Explain why studying management history is important. †¢ Describe some early evidences of management practice. Scientific Management †¢ Describe the important contributions made by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. †¢ Explain how today’s managers use scientific management. General Administrative Theory †¢ Discuss Fayol’s contributions to management theory. †¢ Describe

The Effect of Divorce on Parent and Child Essay - 811 Words

Divorce is a plague that is destroying numerous families across the United States of America. Sadly, when husbands and wives divorce, the children are often caught directly in the middle. Throughout the years divorce has been becoming more and more common. In the 1920s it was a rare find to know a person whom had been divorced, today it is a rarity not to know of one who has been, or will be divorced. Divorce has numerous effects on the structures of families, and many devastating effects on the children that must experience it, although sometimes necessary, divorce radically changes the lives of adolescents and adults alike. Explaining Divorce Parents frequently tell me they believe that to explain too much about the end of†¦show more content†¦Sometimes divorce may be the only way to solve the various problems a family may have. Custody When parents become divorced there are many decisions that they must come to an agreement upon. How will are possessions be divided? and What will happen to the children? are often the most asked questions when divorce occurs. Custody is almost always the largest battle when husband and wife become divorced. Custody includes all duties a parent owes a child including, food, shelter, protection discipline, education, and even a childs religious beliefs (Martin 32). Often, a judge must make custody decisions for the parents. There are several types of custody, but the most common are sole custody, joint legal custody, and joint physical custody. In sole custody, a single parent provides shelter and makes all important decisions for the child. In joint legal custody, the child lives with a single parent but decisions are agreed upon by both. Finally, in joint physical custody the child lives with each parent for equal periods of time and important decisions may be made by either one, or both parents (Furstenberg 32). Sole custody children often live with the custodial parent for two-week periods and live with the non-custodial parent for two-day time periods (Wolchik 164). This gives the child a stable home to live in while also allowing the child to have a relationship with both parents. Of all different typesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Parental Relationship and Parent-Child Relationship on Adolescents’ Self-Esteem in Divorce Family5062 Words   |  21 PagesThe Effects of Parental Relationship and Parent-Child Relationship on Adolescents’ Self-esteem in Divorce Family Abstract Past western researches have shown support on the associations of parental and parent-child relationships towards adolescents’ self-esteem (SE) in intact and divorce families. Some theories attributed that the qualities of these relationships do have influences on how adolescent evaluate themselves. Our research proposal will analyze the effects of these two relationshipsRead MoreDivorce Is A Huge Issue Of Concern1622 Words   |  7 PagesDivorce is a huge issue of concern in the UK as in the rate in which couples divorce is rapidly increasing . More than half of the couples in the UK had at least one child aged under 16 in 2007.The number of divorces in England and wales have increased to a total of 118,140 divorces in 2012, which is an increase of 0.5 percent since 2011.Statistics showed that women were allowed 65 percent of all divorces , 9,703 men and 6,026 women aged over 60 got divorced. It has also shown that 42 percent ofRead MoreMarriage and Divorce1303 Words   |   5 PagesThese days, people are taking the issue of marriage and divorce very casually and not comprehending the actually consequences of these events, especially the effect it leaves on children. More like married couples get a divorce faster and easily than getting married. To add on to other extra problem, they have children without planning out and not being stable enough to even have extra member in the family. According to Oxford Dictionary, divorce is â€Å"the legal dissolution of a marriage by a court orRead MoreThe Struggle of Divorce1040 Words   |  4 PagesThe Struggle of Divorce By definition, divorce is to break the marriage contract between oneself and one’s spouse by a judicial declaration dissolving a marriage in whole or in part. This is a result of tension which is a mental or emotional strain of a relationship between individuals. When going through the process of divorce, most of children’s opinions are left out of the process. This causes a great deal of tension for the children. Many children become very stressed during this process becauseRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Divorce1447 Words   |  6 Pagesworldwide is divorce. Research has shown that there is a significant amount of effects on children after a divorce. This is most likely because of the mental and physical chaos the children are feeling. In many divorce cases, there are long-term effects that hinders children from having a peaceful adult-life. These effects include: relationship issues, inability to make a place feel like a home, and the emotional hardship that comes with moving away from a parent. Aside from the negative effects divorceRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children978 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce is a touchy subject for some people to discuss, although it is an issue that is occurring very often in people’s lives today. A divorce can affect everyone involved, including the children, unfortunately. Divorce and its effects set a bad example to children and their future lives as young adults, along with having life-long effects from the divorce because of things that they experienced during it. 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When parents divorce, children are left hopeless and confused. A divorce can cause a child to have a variety of different reactions. The effects on the child are much more important than the actual divorce. A divorce causes the most damage to the children in the divorce. Each child sees a divorce differently, but most divorces have a negative impact on the childs life

Chartism Working Class and National Political Movement Free Essays

TMA 02 Task 1 In the history block, you learned about three explanations for Chartism’s support – a reaction to economic pressure, national political movement and an inclusive cultural community. What evidence is there in the extract above of three explanations for Chartism’s support that you learned about in the history chapter of Y180, and which, if any, is stressed most strongly by the speaker? Part 1 In no more than 200 words, write a plan for this essay Introduction: 1. Explain the background and context of the extract 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Chartism: Working Class and National Political Movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will consider the evidence for Chartism’s support in terms of economic pressure, popular radicalism, and cultural inclusiveness 3. It will argue all three factors contributed to Chartism’s support but political focus is dominant Economic pressure: 1. 1837-42 were periods of economic downturn, Chartism attracted support by addressing economic circumstances – mention class legislations 2. Manufacturing population under-represented in the electoral system 3. Mention Asa Briggs, secondary source 1, who highlights the significance of economic circumstances A national political movement: 1. Indicate how Chartism was built on pre-existing support for electoral reform 2. State the popular proposed class legislation changes 3. Use primary source 6 to show the heritage of popular radicalism and the public’s want for reform 4. Mention the use and importance of political language 5. Back up this view with Stedman Jones, secondary source 2 Cultural incisiveness: 1. Chartism welcomed those that were excluded from power in every other way – the working class 2. Mention Ellen Yeo, secondary source 3 to support this 3. Ideal of power to the people Conclusion: 1. Evidence for all 3 factors 2. Final reflection – political movement is most stressed 200 words Part 2 Write the essay, using no more than 800 words. In this essay I shall consider how all three explanations contributed to Chartism’s support and which factor can be seen as the most dominant. The speech made by an unknown speaker in 1839 is a primary source of information from the Northern Star newspaper, the ‘main voice in print’ (P. 107) of Chartism, and therefore we cannot be sure of its reliability. The motive exists to exaggerate the audiences’ size and enthusiasm, numbers of ‘between 5,000 and 12,000’ (Background) and comments such as ‘loud cheering’ (L. 2) could have been fabricated. The report was published in Chartism’s early years, a time of economic recession and social tension when the Whig party held power. The extract highlights the audiences’ economic circumstances making some references to inclusivity, however I believe politi cal focus is the key theme. To begin with I shall consider economic pressure. Paragraph four of the extract focuses on this factor, the speaker makes several remarks which relate to and evidences the audience’s poverty such as ‘ragged clothing’, ‘insufficiency of food’, and ‘insufferable despair’. Chartism attracted support by instilling hopefulness that if democracy was put into practice, people’s economic anguish would lessen, namely that the Poor Law of 1834 would be discarded and taxes reduced. Chartism became an established movement due to a structural transfer in the economy from agriculture to manufacturing; the working classes in these industrial areas were under-represented. Manufacturing industries were prevalent in York and the surrounding areas therefore these economic factors would be close to the audience’s hearts. Briggs, secondary source 1, supports this view by arguing manufacturing communities displayed the strongest support whilst rural areas showed considerably less. The explanation of Chartism being a national political movement is strongly evidenced in the extract. The speaker expresses many political ideas, talking of an end to the established church, as well as addressing class legislations such as opposition to the Poor Law. The speaker states, ‘abolish the army, dash the navy’ (L. 48) ‘crush the church by law established, obliterate the debt from the national ledger, restore republicanism, establish equality’ (L. 50–L. 51). These are long established ideals of popular radicalism which evidences the movement’s political diversity and shows Chartism was able to draw on pre-existing radical support for democratic reform. An account from the Morning Chronicle, primary source 6, shows a flag used during the procession which carried the National Petition to Parliament sporting the phrase ‘we require justice before charity’ (p125). This proposes demonstrators would not be happy with an ‘economic hand-out’ (p126) instead wanting acknowledgment of their political rights; this paper was pro-Whigs so has reason to downplay anti-government protests so may be reliable. Chartist’s had their own political language and this is strong evidence for Chartism being a political movement, the extract uses such language to encourage listeners support, for example, ‘these evils chiefly of a political and social cast arise from one source – class legislation’ (L. 20-L. 21). Steadman Jones, secondary source 2, supports this notion by stating ‘the growth and decline of Chartism was a function of its capacity to persuade its constituency to interpret distress or discontent within the terms of its political language’ (p. 37). Evidence for Chartism been an inclusive cultural community also exists in the extract. The movement did not adhere to the times’ hierarchical style of society as it allowed anybody to join, the speaker demonstrates the movement’s inclusiveness by addressing women who were often excluded from politics, ‘I am glad to meet the brave men and fair women of York’ (L. 10). Chartism was all-embracing of the working classes; six working men were deliberated included on the committee that discussed the People’s Charter. The speaker addresses this group several times with ‘Working men’ (L. ), ‘Honourable gentlemen, I mean by this name the working class only’ (L. 17), and ‘the labouring class, are regarded as a cipher in importance’ (L. 22-L. 23). Ellen Yeo, secondary source 3, states the working classes were quite capable of creating their own politics just as they were proficient manufacturers in the economy. Chartismâ₠¬â„¢s ideal of giving power to the people already occurred within the movement as it gave people a political voice, the National Petition’s allowed people whose opinion was rarely consulted by Parliament to put down their signature with a feeling of power and pride. Evidence for all three explanations for Chartism’s support exists in the extract. However I personally conclude that the main focus and draw of support was the movement’s political goals as the speech uses political language to acquire agitators and fight for electoral reform. Many political issues are also addressed not just male suffrage, evidence for economic and cultural factors are present too. I believe that economic slumps increased support as protestors could voice their resentment of suffering, and inclusiveness helped to provide this voice, yet it was the political focus that gave hope for change. 00 words Task 2 Write no more than 150 words for this task. Part 1 Briefly write down two or three pieces of feedback from your tutor on TMA 01. My tutor’s feedback on TMA01 included encouraging remarks regarding the structure and format of my work; I also received good comments on my referencing skills. However it was felt that I only just achieved the learni ng outcome of producing a relevant, reasoned answer. How have you used that feedback in preparing for TMA 02? Positive feedback showed that my work has a good structure with a clear introduction, main body and conclusion; I have therefore ensured that I did the same for TMA02. I also made sure to reference and use quotation marks around the phrases I included from the materials. In order to avoid unclear sentences in the essay I have studied material on both the Y180 and the BBC, ‘Skillswise’ website. This helped improve my sentence construction, grammar and punctuation, and ultimately the flow of my writing. Feedback proved helpful as it meant I made a conscious effort to keep my sentences short so they remain crisp in meaning. How to cite Chartism: Working Class and National Political Movement, Papers

Venture Projects Economics and Finance - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Venture Projects Economics and Finance. Answer: Introduction With the development of innovation and science there has been construction of various projects throughout the world keeping in mind the main objective of to enhance the operational and financial structure of the world. It has been viewed that there are different projects that have been built with a specific end goal to fabricate new structures and innovative products that would improve the way of life of the people residing globally (Marglin, 2014). This paper hence has been established so as to embrace a critical assessment of a sustainable venture that is performing in the country of Australia so that a lucid idea regarding the project background and the aims and goals of the project can be conceived. The evaluation of the economic assessment and techniques and equipments would even be explained and the cost benefit analysis in relation to the project can even be understood with regards to the goal in order to obtain a clear idea. The project is about the incident of creating a busi9ness in Australia and hence the team members are said to construct the cost benefit as well as the economic analysis. The project has been constructed by assessing the literature review where the economic as well as the cost benefit analysis has been portrayed. This paper has considered Smart Watch project in Australia that has been functioning from the year 2012 and has still been going on in order to gain precise knowledge about the costs and the economic tools used for the establishment of the same. Project Background This venture has been undertaken by computing numerous researches within the market of Australia and thereafter establishing the review of literature. With the development of science and technology there has been introduction of various new products that are becoming useful in our daily life as well (Nas, 2016). The concept of Smart Watch has been in the mind of the developers for a very long time as they had a desire of providing a variety of features within a watch which would lower the burden of carrying various articles for a human being. The project in relation to the development of Smart Watch has been initially undertaken by the private sector organizations that are functioning in the country and they have the idea of developing new and improved features within the watch that would look into our personal as well as fitness life. It has been observed that Australia has a market that is a vibrant and a free democracy and has been rising ever since. The economy of the country had a set back during the initial period of the establishment of the project but as the years have passed there has been a rapid development and this has motivated the investors as well as the stakeholders to undertake further investments in such innovative projects (Mishan, 2015). The idea of the project has been sustainable addition of new and improved features that would be useful to mankind and therefore this project has still been going on with various researches taking place each and every day in order to bring out the best possible product for the same. The delivery of such product in the market would mean enhancement of the lifestyle of mankind and in that manner development of the economy as a whole (Griffin, 2016). This project is a private sector venture and Technocrat is the organization who is liable for the design and, maintenance, financing and operational activities that are common for the deliverance of the project. This project would enhance the value for money property and would lead to rise in quality products in the Australian market. Project Objectives and Justification The development of the project has been to improve the lifestyle of the consumers of the country and enhancing the confidence and the satisfaction level of the communal societies with the help of a variety of other features that reduce the level of reoffending. The venture has shown a significant level of investment in the manufacturing and the services of the Smart Watch with the assistance of Technocrat, which would lead to deliverance of innovative and improve products. The project is fundamental in giving economic benefits and raising the level of employment within the country as there are scope of employment of around 800 employees during the initial stages of the development of the product and later on an additional of 100 employees would be essential for the sales, promotion and marketing of the product in the economy of Australia. The objective of the venture has hence been discussed below: Provide added capacity in the technological industry Provide added features to the consumers of the country Provide supplementary capability in order to lower the level of reoffending Motivate in procedures and practices that are innovative in nature and efficient operations that would raise the value for money The justification for the undertaking of the project has been to improve the lifestyle of the consumers and to make a healthy and a happy environment for the existence of the society. Assumptions, Constraints and Expected Outcomes The construction of the project has been possible by looking at the assumptions and the financial capability. The assumptions of the venture has been gaining knowledge about the financial scenario of the organization undertaking the venture and the number of members who are functioning in the development of the product that would be helpful in delivering the project within the stipulated time period. There are several challenges and risks associated with the venture as well like the challenges with respect to the planning of the venture, gaining various permits and approvals for the initiation of the project etc (Keohane, Olmstead 2016). The other risks involve the risks related to the design and the financial and the activity based risks that can be very harmful for completing the Smart Watch project. The anticipated outcome would be that the expansion in the market of smart watches would act as drivers for the organizations to establish smart watches more for selling them in the Australian market. It has been anticipated that this business would even be reaching the breakeven point within certain years after its initiation of their operations and would then look to create profits for them. Literature Review The review of literature would contain the different information with respect to the equipments and devices that have been utilized by the venture on request to decide their operational exercises and to construct the economic assessment and the cost benefit assessment of the Smart Watch project. This area of the paper would give a broad research and assessment of the present worth, cash flows, internal rate of return alongside the profitability index and techniques of business development and their appropriate procedures with the goal that the venture can be finished up accurately. The utilization of the MADM and MCDM financial assessment process would be powerful to understand the procedure that would be utilized as a part of request to comprehend the present financial and the economic scenario of Smart Watches in Australia. The venture clarifies about the review of the literature and the clarification with respect to the economic investigation and the cost benefit examination of the Smart Watch Project. A small outline of the model of risk evaluation of Smart Watch project in Australia will be talked about in this area. The procedure of economic investigation are characterized as the scientific and measurements and designs. The economic analysis depends on the different strategies for the sensitivity of the economy and keeping in mind the end goal to make efficient identification of the comparative information and therefore it is fundamental to explore at least two procedures. Overview of Project Economical Analysis Techniques and Tools Australia is viewed as a vivacious free democracy of the market and there has been a dynamic economical advance that has been conceivable because of nonattendance of any kind of recessions. The successful procedure of the legislative system of Australia has been helpful for the economy and a free well-working lawful framework, bureaucracy has been the key factor for efficient entrepreneurial upgrade. Australia is considered as an alluring and dynamic country for investment. In the greater part of the situations, the legislature has diminished the level of investments and has motivated the private segment to attempt investments in various innovative projects (Posner, 2014). This has been seen in the Smart Watch Project where ventures are embraced essentially by the private sector. Australia has been successfully aggressive in the technological aspects of manufacturing of products and services. The rate of income tax is 45% and the rate of corporate tax has been 30%. One of the hopeful parameters of venture start ups in Australia has been rate of start up being higher as they have the likelihood leading to the development. The new business projects in Australia like the varieties in sources of funding and ventures like the Smart Watch Project tries to influence utilization of the equity finance amid the primary phases of the developments. The nation has been encountering issues and shocks in the amid the previous couple of years yet in the first quarter of 2017, the economy has recouped from this circumstance and this has seen a rise in the business confidence and the investors as well as the consumers in this manner would positively affect the investments in the business and expenditure of the investors (Morgenstern, 2014). The Australian economy is thought to be inside a strong base notwithstanding the different shortcomings in the ventures that are in nature non-mining. As for Smart Watch project in Australia it has been watched that the under taking has been encountering development and as this is an on-going procedure and this has prompted to rise in investments. The Australian economy has remained firm and has been developing despite the ascent in the cost of petrol and this has prompted the fall in the disposable income for the customers. The economy of the nation has been rising with the ascent in the interest rate which is being utilized for decreasing the inflation rate. The development of the economy has been conceivable as the government has been reducing the taxation rate (Blau et al., 2013). This would energize the financial investors of the business ventures to expand their interests in the Smart Watch project. This has prompted the development of the smart watch more successfully. The investigation of the Smart Watch has been conceivable with the help of economic analysis like the development of the factors that are accessible in the venture and the personalities, capacities and the equations that have been f ound in the venture report of Smart Watch Project. The economic analysis of the venture has been conceivable by taking a look at the costs and the aggregate funding that has been embraced for the conclusion of the venture. The table beneath would show an overview of the valuation of the project: Particulars Amount Residual Value Non-Current Assets: Trademark 400000 0 Patent 700000 0 Property,Plant Equipment 14000000 4200000 Furniture Fittings 900000 135000 Motor Vehicle 1400000 560000 Computer Equipment 1400000 0 Preliminary Expenses: Business Registration 90000 License Fees 140000 Deposit for Electricity 90000 90000 Deposit for Telephone Internet 40000 40000 Recruitment Cost 20000 Share Issuance Cost 25000 Bond Issuance Cost 10000 Other Miscellaneous Expenses 65000 Working Capital: Purchase of Raw Material 18000000 Wages Salaries 13500000 Manufacturing Overhead 8250000 Selling Marketing Expenses 547750 General Administrative Expenses 304750 40602500 TOTAL START UP COST 59882500 Capital Funding: Equity Capital 26947125 5 yrs. Bond 19761225 Loan From Bank 13174150 TOTAL CAPITAL EMPLOYED 59882500 The timeframe that has been assigned to the employees who are functioning in the Smart Watch project has been provided in the table below, which would act as a guideline of the procedures that would be undertaken for the completing the venture within the stipulated time. Assignment Start date Submission Duration Start up 1/03/2017 7/03/2017 1 week Activity 1- Researching the Australian markets and its economic scenario 08/03/2017 12/03/2017 4 days Activity 2- Financial evaluation of project 13/03/2017 30/03/2017 3 week Activity 3- Determining the financial viability of project by selecting the best alternative 31/03/2017 09/04/2017 2 weeks Uniform Annual Cash Flow The annual cash flow that is equivalent in nature for Smart Watch project consists of the inflow and the outflow of the cash. The cash flow gained from the operating activities means the payments that have been given to the suppliers and the cost related to direct labor. The annual cash flow of this project has been provided below: CASH FLOW STATEMENT: Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Cash Flow from Operating Activities: Cash Sales $42,000,000 $46,063,500 $50,520,144 $55,407,968 $60,768,688 Collection from Debtors $57,750,000 $68,587,313 $75,223,135 $82,500,973 $90,482,942 Cash Purchase ($14,400,000) ($15,793,200) ($17,321,192) ($18,997,017) ($20,834,979) Payment to Suppliers ($18,000,000) ($23,341,500) ($25,599,790) ($28,076,570) ($30,792,978) Direct Labor Cost ($24,750,000) ($29,394,563) ($32,238,486) ($35,357,560) ($38,778,404) Manufacturing Expenses ($16,500,000) ($18,096,375) ($19,847,199) ($21,767,416) ($23,873,413) Insurance ($11,000) ($11,275) ($11,557) ($11,846) ($12,142) Rates Taxes ($5,500) ($5,638) ($5,778) ($5,923) ($6,071) Salary of Office Staffs ($82,500) ($92,063) ($94,364) ($96,723) ($99,141) Cleaning Charges ($4,000) ($4,100) ($4,203) ($4,308) ($4,415) Electricity for Office ($12,833) ($14,321) ($14,679) ($15,046) ($15,422) Telephone Internet ($6,417) ($7,160) ($7,339) ($7,523) ($7,711) Salary of Marketing Staffs ($128,333) ($143,208) ($146,789) ($150,458) ($154,220) Sales Commissions @1.5% on Sales ($525,000) ($575,794) ($631,502) ($692,600) ($759,609) Travelling charges @2% on Sales ($262,500) ($287,897) ($315,751) ($346,300) ($379,804) Income Tax Expenses ($5,760,051) ($6,490,091) ($7,287,756) ($8,159,959) ($9,114,240) Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Operating Activities $19,301,866 $20,393,629 $22,216,894 $24,219,693 $26,419,082 Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Purchase of Non-Current Assets ($18,800,000) Preliminary Expenses ($480,000) Sale of Assets $4,895,000 Return on Deposits $130,000 Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Investing Activities ($19,280,000) $0 $0 $0 $5,025,000 Cash Flow from Financing Activities: Share Issue $26,947,125 Bonds Issue $19,761,225 Loan From Bank $13,174,150 Interest Payment ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) Dividend Payment ($4,704,042) ($5,300,241) ($5,951,667) ($6,663,966) ($7,443,296) Repayment of Bond ($19,761,225) Repayment of Loan from Bank ($13,174,150) Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Financing Activities $52,543,628 ($7,935,071) ($8,586,497) ($9,298,796) ($43,013,501) Net Cash Increase/(Decrease) for the period $52,565,494 $12,458,558 $13,630,397 $14,920,897 ($11,569,419) Add: Opening Cash Balance $0 $52,565,494 $65,024,052 $78,654,448 $93,575,346 Closing Cash Balance $52,565,494 $65,024,052 $78,654,448 $93,575,346 $82,005,926 Net Present Value (Present Worth) The net present value (NPV) for this venture has been provided with respect to the current rate of inflation, the present growth rate and the percentage of WACC. The NPV value for the venture has been 117309330 and this value has indicated that the project has been running successfully with the variations of the various economic factors. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) The Internal Rate of Return of the Smart Watch venture has accounted for 44.43%, which suggests that the venture has a positive impact and the venture can be feasible for additional investments. The rate of internal return would vary with respect to the transformations in the rate of inflation, rate of growth and WACC. The value of IRR has revealed that investments can be efficient in the Smart Watch Project as there is demand in the market for innovative products and hence would influence the investors to make further investments into the venture. Modified IRR The modifications in the rate of IRR are possible with the changes in the rate of inflation, WACC and rate of growth. The transformations in these economic factors would mean changes. The other factors can be rise in the level of investments and as well as profit from sale of the product that has an influence in the rate of change in the IRR. The rise in the IRR would mean that the project has been doing well and hence would be beneficial if any investor undertakes investments in these projects. Cost Benefit Analysis The cost benefit assessment has been found to be the method with the assistance of which the decisions related to the business can be analyzed (Dunn 2015). The benefits of this actions and situations that are associated with the business are added and then the expenses associated with the implementation of the action are assessed. The cost benefit analysis of Smart Watch project has been assessing the entire costs that are associated to the venture and then assessing the income that are created by taking help of the financial institutions and the profit from the sale of the products. The evaluation of the cost of shown below: Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Inflation Rate 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% Sales Growth Rate 7% 7% 7% 7% Sales Volume 30000 32100 34347 36751 39324 Selling Price Per Unit $3,500 $3,588 $3,677 $3,769 $3,863 Total Sales Revenue $105,000,000 $115,158,750 $126,300,359 $138,519,919 $151,921,721 Cost of Good Sold per unit: Raw Material Consumed ($1,200) ($1,230) ($1,261) ($1,292) ($1,325) Direct Labor Cost ($900) ($923) ($946) ($969) ($993) Total Cost of Goods Sold p.u. ($2,100) ($2,153) ($2,206) ($2,261) ($2,318) Total Cost of Goods Sold ($63,000,000) ($69,095,250) ($75,780,215) ($83,111,951) ($91,153,033) GROSS PROFIT $42,000,000 $46,063,500 $50,520,144 $55,407,968 $60,768,688 Variable Manufacturing Overhead p.u ($550) ($564) ($578) ($592) ($607) Total Variable Manufacturing Overhead ($16,500,000) ($18,096,375) ($19,847,199) ($21,767,416) ($23,873,413) Depreciation on Property,Plant Equipment ($1,960,000) ($1,960,000) ($1,960,000) ($1,960,000) ($1,960,000) Total Manufacturing Overhead ($18,460,000) ($20,056,375) ($21,807,199) ($23,727,416) ($25,833,413) General Administrative Expenses: Depreciation on Furniture Fixtures ($90,000) ($81,000) ($72,900) ($65,610) ($59,049) Depreciation on Computer Equipment ($168,000) ($147,840) ($130,099) ($114,487) ($100,749) Amortization of Patent ($80,000) ($80,000) ($80,000) ($80,000) ($80,000) Amortization of Trademark ($140,000) ($140,000) ($140,000) ($140,000) ($140,000) Insurance ($11,000) ($11,275) ($11,557) ($11,846) ($12,142) Rates Taxes ($5,500) ($5,638) ($5,778) ($5,923) ($6,071) Salary of Office Staffs ($90,000) ($92,250) ($94,556) ($96,920) ($99,343) Cleaning Charges ($4,000) ($4,100) ($4,203) ($4,308) ($4,415) Electricity for Office ($14,000) ($14,350) ($14,709) ($15,076) ($15,453) Telephone Internet ($7,000) ($7,175) ($7,354) ($7,538) ($7,727) Total General Administrative Expenses ($609,500) ($583,628) ($561,156) ($541,708) ($524,949) Selling Marketing Expenses: Depreciation on Motor Vehicle ($168,000) ($147,840) ($130,099) ($114,487) ($100,749) Salary of Marketing Staffs ($140,000) ($143,500) ($147,088) ($150,765) ($154,534) Sales Commissions @0.5% on Sales ($525,000) ($575,794) ($631,502) ($692,600) ($759,609) Travelling charges @0.25% on Sales ($262,500) ($287,897) ($315,751) ($346,300) ($379,804) Total Selling Marketing Expenses ($1,095,500) ($1,155,031) ($1,224,439) ($1,304,151) ($1,394,696) Net Operating Profit/(Loss) $21,835,000 $24,268,467 $26,927,349 $29,834,692 $33,015,630 Interest Expenses: Interest on Bond ($1,383,286) ($1,383,286) ($1,383,286) ($1,383,286) ($1,383,286) Interest on Loan From Bank ($1,251,544) ($1,251,544) ($1,251,544) ($1,251,544) ($1,251,544) Total Interest Expenses ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) Net Profit before Tax $19,200,170 $21,633,637 $24,292,519 $27,199,862 $30,380,800 Income Tax Expenses ($5,760,051) ($6,490,091) ($7,287,756) ($8,159,959) ($9,114,240) Net Profit after Tax $13,440,119 $15,143,546 $17,004,763 $19,039,903 $21,266,560 Gross Profit Margin 40.00% 40.00% 40.00% 40.00% 40.00% Net Profit Margin 12.80% 13.15% 13.46% 13.75% 14.00% Return on Equity 49.88% 56.20% 63.10% 70.66% 78.92% Other Decision Making Models - Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Model There are different decision making frameworks that are accessible to the management of the ventures so as to assess the operations of the venture and embrace decisions appropriately. The utilization of the decision framework is subject to the management and the management undertakes effective use according to their requirements in the expansion of the Smart Watch project. There are different models that include the Multi-Attribute Decision Making Model, Multi-Criteria Decision making Model, Analytical Hierarchy Process and so forth (Dixon et al., 2013). These frameworks can be utilized as a part of an efficient way for Smart Watch Project and effective decisions concerning the operational exercises can be developed, which would mean the conclusion of the venture before the due date appointed. MCDM in Financial Decision Making for Projects The MCDM procedure makes utilization of tools and mechanisms that assists in the nature of the financial method for the process of economic making of decisions and to the nature of the resulting decisions (Coates IV 2014). MCDM considers issues associated with the financial decisions as a multiple criteria as problems related to the financial decisions happen because of the mistakes in various figures of accounting, which could affect the financial statement of the Smart Work Project. These issues for the most part emerge because of the compelling task of the insufficient capital and the substitute usage of the assets. Thus, it is fundamental for the management of the Smart Watch project to look in to the designated assets in an efficient way by taking help of this model as this would be effective to use the resources needed for the undertaking in the areas were these resources require more importance so the venture can be finished inside the stipulated time and the every last part o f the venture gets equivalent significance according to the requirement. MADM The Multi Attribute Decision Making framework is a critical piece for the innovative decision for science. It expects that there is different arrangement of substitutes for the different traits, which the management who are making decisions requires to assess and analyse. The objective of this model has been to find the requested substitute for helping the procedure of decision making. The issues that have been related with the MADM has been corrected by taking assistance of the conventional procedures like the analytical hierarchy process, simple additive weighing method and TOPSIS method (Campbell, Brown 2015). The MADM procedure investigates the distinctive features associated with the venture as opposed to the cost. In this situation, it has been watched that Smart Watch Project has looked in to the traits of providing innovative products to the consumers of Australia so that they can improve their standard of living and have a better life for themselves. It is even observed tha t caring for the essential requirements of the consumers by providing all the beneficial services within a watch is an effective process for the expansion of the project as well increase in the revenue of the project and the organization as well. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) The Analytical Hierarchy Process is a method that is organized for assessing and sorting out the decisions that are in nature complex and this has been completed by relying upon the scientific procedure (Pearce et al., 2013). Concerning the Smart Watch Project, the fundamental goal has been to build a multifunctional smart watch that would be beneficial for every consumer with a stipulated time and at an economical cost. It is seen that different criteria are built by taking a look at the cost, effectiveness and demand (Sderqvist et al., 2015). These perspectives would be taken into in picking the best substitute technique that would be utilized by the management keeping in mind the end goal to complete the venture successfully. Henceforth, one might say that making usage of the policies and strategies would be effective for the enhancement of the smart venture adequately. Best Practices for Business Growth One of the greatest difficulties in business development is sustainable development. The long and the short term profits require to be remembered while executing the processes for the growth of the business. Various organizations have distinctive explanations behind the intention of sustainability yet the principle ideas are constant. The preciseness of the business intentions should be kept up. The concerned personnel should over and again look at their sense of intention and in addition guarantee that the company fills the need of the venture appropriately. There ought to be a steady and in addition predictable sense of development (Gigler et al., 2014). It additionally ought to include persistent pragmatic advancement. The real purpose for an organization adds to their USP. It is better for an association to have an unmistakable value and aim for the intention of business development. The smart watch venture needs to use the acts of security, safety and improvement in the lifestyle of the consumers which is one of the highlights the venture looks to accomplish (Wakefield, Myers 2016). Collaboration as well as partnership is likewise a critical factor for the fruitful foundation of the business development. Despite the fact that accomplishing everything uniquely during the time of a business venture is enticing and sensible if there should arise an occurrence of very little accessibility of funds, the best thing to do is to locate the most ideal partners for the smart watch venture. The coordinated effort with the appropriate partners if there should arise an occurrence of the smart watch project will help in the growth and effective development and will likewise be continuous. It is important to know precisely what to do at a specific time in light of the fact that the demands of various ventures are unique. The undertaking ought to be done such that the idea of smart watch venture is considered fruitful and aids in the foundation of the effective strides in the business development. The smart watch venture ought to have appropriate offices alongside the idea of development and also recovery alternatives. A business ecosystem is a financial society of companies and in addition people who function in various ways. It is important to comprehend the requirements of the smart watch venture are not quite the same as other commercial ventures like shopping centres etc. The business ecosystem motivates the organizations undertaking the inventive action and also troublesome tasks by accomplishment of their competitive capacities (Dixon et al., 2013). With a specific end goal to guarantee that the business needs of a specific undertaking are met, it ought to be maintained that the management or the leaders under whom the venture is occurring, should know each specific phase of development. Retrospection, mindfulness, and in addition a key feeling for strategy is essential which is both for the short and term ventures (Solomon et al., 2015). The management accountable for the smart watch venture ought to receive a versatile and in addition an adaptable nature of initiative. By being careful and additionally understanding the business procedures provides the best outcomes for any given task. The sustainable investment in the abilities of individual employees and even with the company helps in the development of the venture (Psacharopoulos, 2014). Business Growth Strategies The business growth strategies should concentrate on the idea of the current venture. It ought to be comprehended that the idea of the smart watch venture is extraordinary. The development of the smart watch venture should be the principle centre of the organization that is busy with the construction of the venture. The production ventures should be undertaken appropriately and the information should be expressed ahead of time too (Zhou et al., 2015). The smart watch venture should not be manufactured in such a way so that it fails to gain the heart of the consumers but should be manufactured with the best quality and features so that new and potential consumers purchase the product as well leading to the rise in the customer base. In other words, it can be explained that smart watch venture looks to comply or correspond with the revolution in the watch technology in order to become a positive impact on the consumers to improve their life style with the help of effective lifestyle and positivity. The cost productivity should be remembered while continuing the smart watch venture. The cost of raw materials is significant and they likewise cause the drainage of the key resources from the various other sectors (Liu et al., 2014). The disclosure to the impact of private financing activities demonstrates that the cost funds are never conveyed. The decreasing of the production quality and the facilities ought not be done in an approach to really hurt the consumers. Profitability Index The index of profitability is also known as the value investment or the profit investment ratio for any manufacturing and production venture and therefore this has been process for project ranking as it grants to quantify the amount of the value established due to the per unit investment. In accordance to the present profitability index of Smart Watch Venture, it can be stated that the profitability index has been 1.96 and hence it can be said that this venture would lead to efficient development of the venture within the scheduled time. Recommendation The venture has been set up by embracing various researches within the Australian market and assessment of the financial reports, project background and the extent of the venture. The nation has been considered as the democracy based market that is energetic and has been working like this for more than 25 years and this development has been conceivable because of the lower level of recessions. The efficient procedure of the legislature has benefitted the Smart Watch Venture due to a viable and effective functioning legal framework. The presence of such a efficient legal framework and government controls has uncovered a successful economic process and this has inspired the private sector organizations to embrace interests in such activities. Thus it is seen that Technocrat has shown interest in the Smart Watch Venture and this in a way would enhance the income for the organization and even conclude the venture in an efficient way. As per the financial anticipations of the Smart Watch Venture it has been watched that this project would be extremely possible to ensure the development and steadiness in the Australian region. 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