Origami As An Inclusive Term For All Folding Practices

What is it? Origami or 折りç ´â„¢, come from ori meaning folding, and kami meaning paper is the art of paper folding, which is commonly associated with Japanese culture. Today, the word origami is used as an inclusive term for all folding practices, globally. The goal is to transform a flat sheet square of paper into a finished sculpture through folding and sculpting techniques. Today s current origami artists usually discourage the use of cuts, glue, or markings on the paper. The small number of basic origami folds can be combined in a variety of ways to make on of a kind designs. The most famous origami model is the Japanese paper crane. The majority of these designs begin with a square sheet of paper which the sides may potentially be of different colours, prints, or patterns. Traditional Japanese Origami was rather relaxed compared to Origami practised in the Edo period. Today it is frowned upon to sometimes cut paper or to use non-square shapes to start with, back then it was absolutely fine. What is the history of it? The history of paper folding, in general, is really murky and no general argument exists as to where or when it was originally practised. The vast majority of art historians believe that origami was invented Japanese people in about 1000 CE, while there is documentation of traditional Japanese origami being practised since the early Edo period. Some art historians consider the invention of origami to lie in Chinese art, mostly because paper wasShow MoreRelatedManagement and Rolls Access Code14663 Words   |  59 PagesChapter Use this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Historical Background of Management †¢ Explain why studying management history is important. †¢ Describe some early evidences of management practice. Scientific Management †¢ Describe the important contributions made by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. †¢ Explain how today’s managers use scientific management. General Administrative Theory †¢ Discuss Fayol’s contributions to management theory. †¢ Describe

The Effect of Divorce on Parent and Child Essay - 811 Words

Divorce is a plague that is destroying numerous families across the United States of America. Sadly, when husbands and wives divorce, the children are often caught directly in the middle. Throughout the years divorce has been becoming more and more common. In the 1920s it was a rare find to know a person whom had been divorced, today it is a rarity not to know of one who has been, or will be divorced. Divorce has numerous effects on the structures of families, and many devastating effects on the children that must experience it, although sometimes necessary, divorce radically changes the lives of adolescents and adults alike. Explaining Divorce Parents frequently tell me they believe that to explain too much about the end of†¦show more content†¦Sometimes divorce may be the only way to solve the various problems a family may have. Custody When parents become divorced there are many decisions that they must come to an agreement upon. How will are possessions be divided? and What will happen to the children? are often the most asked questions when divorce occurs. Custody is almost always the largest battle when husband and wife become divorced. Custody includes all duties a parent owes a child including, food, shelter, protection discipline, education, and even a childs religious beliefs (Martin 32). Often, a judge must make custody decisions for the parents. There are several types of custody, but the most common are sole custody, joint legal custody, and joint physical custody. In sole custody, a single parent provides shelter and makes all important decisions for the child. In joint legal custody, the child lives with a single parent but decisions are agreed upon by both. Finally, in joint physical custody the child lives with each parent for equal periods of time and important decisions may be made by either one, or both parents (Furstenberg 32). Sole custody children often live with the custodial parent for two-week periods and live with the non-custodial parent for two-day time periods (Wolchik 164). This gives the child a stable home to live in while also allowing the child to have a relationship with both parents. Of all different typesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Parental Relationship and Parent-Child Relationship on Adolescents’ Self-Esteem in Divorce Family5062 Words   |  21 PagesThe Effects of Parental Relationship and Parent-Child Relationship on Adolescents’ Self-esteem in Divorce Family Abstract Past western researches have shown support on the associations of parental and parent-child relationships towards adolescents’ self-esteem (SE) in intact and divorce families. Some theories attributed that the qualities of these relationships do have influences on how adolescent evaluate themselves. Our research proposal will analyze the effects of these two relationshipsRead MoreDivorce Is A Huge Issue Of Concern1622 Words   |  7 PagesDivorce is a huge issue of concern in the UK as in the rate in which couples divorce is rapidly increasing . More than half of the couples in the UK had at least one child aged under 16 in 2007.The number of divorces in England and wales have increased to a total of 118,140 divorces in 2012, which is an increase of 0.5 percent since 2011.Statistics showed that women were allowed 65 percent of all divorces , 9,703 men and 6,026 women aged over 60 got divorced. It has also shown that 42 percent ofRead MoreMarriage and Divorce1303 Words   |   5 PagesThese days, people are taking the issue of marriage and divorce very casually and not comprehending the actually consequences of these events, especially the effect it leaves on children. More like married couples get a divorce faster and easily than getting married. To add on to other extra problem, they have children without planning out and not being stable enough to even have extra member in the family. According to Oxford Dictionary, divorce is â€Å"the legal dissolution of a marriage by a court orRead MoreThe Struggle of Divorce1040 Words   |  4 PagesThe Struggle of Divorce By definition, divorce is to break the marriage contract between oneself and one’s spouse by a judicial declaration dissolving a marriage in whole or in part. This is a result of tension which is a mental or emotional strain of a relationship between individuals. When going through the process of divorce, most of children’s opinions are left out of the process. This causes a great deal of tension for the children. Many children become very stressed during this process becauseRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Divorce1447 Words   |  6 Pagesworldwide is divorce. Research has shown that there is a significant amount of effects on children after a divorce. This is most likely because of the mental and physical chaos the children are feeling. In many divorce cases, there are long-term effects that hinders children from having a peaceful adult-life. These effects include: relationship issues, inability to make a place feel like a home, and the emotional hardship that comes with moving away from a parent. Aside from the negative effects divorceRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children978 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce is a touchy subject for some people to discuss, although it is an issue that is occurring very often in people’s lives today. A divorce can affect everyone involved, including the children, unfortunately. Divorce and its effects set a bad example to children and their future lives as young adults, along with having life-long effects from the divorce because of things that they experienced during it. 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When parents divorce, children are left hopeless and confused. A divorce can cause a child to have a variety of different reactions. The effects on the child are much more important than the actual divorce. A divorce causes the most damage to the children in the divorce. Each child sees a divorce differently, but most divorces have a negative impact on the childs life

Chartism Working Class and National Political Movement Free Essays

TMA 02 Task 1 In the history block, you learned about three explanations for Chartism’s support – a reaction to economic pressure, national political movement and an inclusive cultural community. What evidence is there in the extract above of three explanations for Chartism’s support that you learned about in the history chapter of Y180, and which, if any, is stressed most strongly by the speaker? Part 1 In no more than 200 words, write a plan for this essay Introduction: 1. Explain the background and context of the extract 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Chartism: Working Class and National Political Movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will consider the evidence for Chartism’s support in terms of economic pressure, popular radicalism, and cultural inclusiveness 3. It will argue all three factors contributed to Chartism’s support but political focus is dominant Economic pressure: 1. 1837-42 were periods of economic downturn, Chartism attracted support by addressing economic circumstances – mention class legislations 2. Manufacturing population under-represented in the electoral system 3. Mention Asa Briggs, secondary source 1, who highlights the significance of economic circumstances A national political movement: 1. Indicate how Chartism was built on pre-existing support for electoral reform 2. State the popular proposed class legislation changes 3. Use primary source 6 to show the heritage of popular radicalism and the public’s want for reform 4. Mention the use and importance of political language 5. Back up this view with Stedman Jones, secondary source 2 Cultural incisiveness: 1. Chartism welcomed those that were excluded from power in every other way – the working class 2. Mention Ellen Yeo, secondary source 3 to support this 3. Ideal of power to the people Conclusion: 1. Evidence for all 3 factors 2. Final reflection – political movement is most stressed 200 words Part 2 Write the essay, using no more than 800 words. In this essay I shall consider how all three explanations contributed to Chartism’s support and which factor can be seen as the most dominant. The speech made by an unknown speaker in 1839 is a primary source of information from the Northern Star newspaper, the ‘main voice in print’ (P. 107) of Chartism, and therefore we cannot be sure of its reliability. The motive exists to exaggerate the audiences’ size and enthusiasm, numbers of ‘between 5,000 and 12,000’ (Background) and comments such as ‘loud cheering’ (L. 2) could have been fabricated. The report was published in Chartism’s early years, a time of economic recession and social tension when the Whig party held power. The extract highlights the audiences’ economic circumstances making some references to inclusivity, however I believe politi cal focus is the key theme. To begin with I shall consider economic pressure. Paragraph four of the extract focuses on this factor, the speaker makes several remarks which relate to and evidences the audience’s poverty such as ‘ragged clothing’, ‘insufficiency of food’, and ‘insufferable despair’. Chartism attracted support by instilling hopefulness that if democracy was put into practice, people’s economic anguish would lessen, namely that the Poor Law of 1834 would be discarded and taxes reduced. Chartism became an established movement due to a structural transfer in the economy from agriculture to manufacturing; the working classes in these industrial areas were under-represented. Manufacturing industries were prevalent in York and the surrounding areas therefore these economic factors would be close to the audience’s hearts. Briggs, secondary source 1, supports this view by arguing manufacturing communities displayed the strongest support whilst rural areas showed considerably less. The explanation of Chartism being a national political movement is strongly evidenced in the extract. The speaker expresses many political ideas, talking of an end to the established church, as well as addressing class legislations such as opposition to the Poor Law. The speaker states, ‘abolish the army, dash the navy’ (L. 48) ‘crush the church by law established, obliterate the debt from the national ledger, restore republicanism, establish equality’ (L. 50–L. 51). These are long established ideals of popular radicalism which evidences the movement’s political diversity and shows Chartism was able to draw on pre-existing radical support for democratic reform. An account from the Morning Chronicle, primary source 6, shows a flag used during the procession which carried the National Petition to Parliament sporting the phrase ‘we require justice before charity’ (p125). This proposes demonstrators would not be happy with an ‘economic hand-out’ (p126) instead wanting acknowledgment of their political rights; this paper was pro-Whigs so has reason to downplay anti-government protests so may be reliable. Chartist’s had their own political language and this is strong evidence for Chartism being a political movement, the extract uses such language to encourage listeners support, for example, ‘these evils chiefly of a political and social cast arise from one source – class legislation’ (L. 20-L. 21). Steadman Jones, secondary source 2, supports this notion by stating ‘the growth and decline of Chartism was a function of its capacity to persuade its constituency to interpret distress or discontent within the terms of its political language’ (p. 37). Evidence for Chartism been an inclusive cultural community also exists in the extract. The movement did not adhere to the times’ hierarchical style of society as it allowed anybody to join, the speaker demonstrates the movement’s inclusiveness by addressing women who were often excluded from politics, ‘I am glad to meet the brave men and fair women of York’ (L. 10). Chartism was all-embracing of the working classes; six working men were deliberated included on the committee that discussed the People’s Charter. The speaker addresses this group several times with ‘Working men’ (L. ), ‘Honourable gentlemen, I mean by this name the working class only’ (L. 17), and ‘the labouring class, are regarded as a cipher in importance’ (L. 22-L. 23). Ellen Yeo, secondary source 3, states the working classes were quite capable of creating their own politics just as they were proficient manufacturers in the economy. Chartismâ₠¬â„¢s ideal of giving power to the people already occurred within the movement as it gave people a political voice, the National Petition’s allowed people whose opinion was rarely consulted by Parliament to put down their signature with a feeling of power and pride. Evidence for all three explanations for Chartism’s support exists in the extract. However I personally conclude that the main focus and draw of support was the movement’s political goals as the speech uses political language to acquire agitators and fight for electoral reform. Many political issues are also addressed not just male suffrage, evidence for economic and cultural factors are present too. I believe that economic slumps increased support as protestors could voice their resentment of suffering, and inclusiveness helped to provide this voice, yet it was the political focus that gave hope for change. 00 words Task 2 Write no more than 150 words for this task. Part 1 Briefly write down two or three pieces of feedback from your tutor on TMA 01. My tutor’s feedback on TMA01 included encouraging remarks regarding the structure and format of my work; I also received good comments on my referencing skills. However it was felt that I only just achieved the learni ng outcome of producing a relevant, reasoned answer. How have you used that feedback in preparing for TMA 02? Positive feedback showed that my work has a good structure with a clear introduction, main body and conclusion; I have therefore ensured that I did the same for TMA02. I also made sure to reference and use quotation marks around the phrases I included from the materials. In order to avoid unclear sentences in the essay I have studied material on both the Y180 and the BBC, ‘Skillswise’ website. This helped improve my sentence construction, grammar and punctuation, and ultimately the flow of my writing. Feedback proved helpful as it meant I made a conscious effort to keep my sentences short so they remain crisp in meaning. How to cite Chartism: Working Class and National Political Movement, Papers

Venture Projects Economics and Finance - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Venture Projects Economics and Finance. Answer: Introduction With the development of innovation and science there has been construction of various projects throughout the world keeping in mind the main objective of to enhance the operational and financial structure of the world. It has been viewed that there are different projects that have been built with a specific end goal to fabricate new structures and innovative products that would improve the way of life of the people residing globally (Marglin, 2014). This paper hence has been established so as to embrace a critical assessment of a sustainable venture that is performing in the country of Australia so that a lucid idea regarding the project background and the aims and goals of the project can be conceived. The evaluation of the economic assessment and techniques and equipments would even be explained and the cost benefit analysis in relation to the project can even be understood with regards to the goal in order to obtain a clear idea. The project is about the incident of creating a busi9ness in Australia and hence the team members are said to construct the cost benefit as well as the economic analysis. The project has been constructed by assessing the literature review where the economic as well as the cost benefit analysis has been portrayed. This paper has considered Smart Watch project in Australia that has been functioning from the year 2012 and has still been going on in order to gain precise knowledge about the costs and the economic tools used for the establishment of the same. Project Background This venture has been undertaken by computing numerous researches within the market of Australia and thereafter establishing the review of literature. With the development of science and technology there has been introduction of various new products that are becoming useful in our daily life as well (Nas, 2016). The concept of Smart Watch has been in the mind of the developers for a very long time as they had a desire of providing a variety of features within a watch which would lower the burden of carrying various articles for a human being. The project in relation to the development of Smart Watch has been initially undertaken by the private sector organizations that are functioning in the country and they have the idea of developing new and improved features within the watch that would look into our personal as well as fitness life. It has been observed that Australia has a market that is a vibrant and a free democracy and has been rising ever since. The economy of the country had a set back during the initial period of the establishment of the project but as the years have passed there has been a rapid development and this has motivated the investors as well as the stakeholders to undertake further investments in such innovative projects (Mishan, 2015). The idea of the project has been sustainable addition of new and improved features that would be useful to mankind and therefore this project has still been going on with various researches taking place each and every day in order to bring out the best possible product for the same. The delivery of such product in the market would mean enhancement of the lifestyle of mankind and in that manner development of the economy as a whole (Griffin, 2016). This project is a private sector venture and Technocrat is the organization who is liable for the design and, maintenance, financing and operational activities that are common for the deliverance of the project. This project would enhance the value for money property and would lead to rise in quality products in the Australian market. Project Objectives and Justification The development of the project has been to improve the lifestyle of the consumers of the country and enhancing the confidence and the satisfaction level of the communal societies with the help of a variety of other features that reduce the level of reoffending. The venture has shown a significant level of investment in the manufacturing and the services of the Smart Watch with the assistance of Technocrat, which would lead to deliverance of innovative and improve products. The project is fundamental in giving economic benefits and raising the level of employment within the country as there are scope of employment of around 800 employees during the initial stages of the development of the product and later on an additional of 100 employees would be essential for the sales, promotion and marketing of the product in the economy of Australia. The objective of the venture has hence been discussed below: Provide added capacity in the technological industry Provide added features to the consumers of the country Provide supplementary capability in order to lower the level of reoffending Motivate in procedures and practices that are innovative in nature and efficient operations that would raise the value for money The justification for the undertaking of the project has been to improve the lifestyle of the consumers and to make a healthy and a happy environment for the existence of the society. Assumptions, Constraints and Expected Outcomes The construction of the project has been possible by looking at the assumptions and the financial capability. The assumptions of the venture has been gaining knowledge about the financial scenario of the organization undertaking the venture and the number of members who are functioning in the development of the product that would be helpful in delivering the project within the stipulated time period. There are several challenges and risks associated with the venture as well like the challenges with respect to the planning of the venture, gaining various permits and approvals for the initiation of the project etc (Keohane, Olmstead 2016). The other risks involve the risks related to the design and the financial and the activity based risks that can be very harmful for completing the Smart Watch project. The anticipated outcome would be that the expansion in the market of smart watches would act as drivers for the organizations to establish smart watches more for selling them in the Australian market. It has been anticipated that this business would even be reaching the breakeven point within certain years after its initiation of their operations and would then look to create profits for them. Literature Review The review of literature would contain the different information with respect to the equipments and devices that have been utilized by the venture on request to decide their operational exercises and to construct the economic assessment and the cost benefit assessment of the Smart Watch project. This area of the paper would give a broad research and assessment of the present worth, cash flows, internal rate of return alongside the profitability index and techniques of business development and their appropriate procedures with the goal that the venture can be finished up accurately. The utilization of the MADM and MCDM financial assessment process would be powerful to understand the procedure that would be utilized as a part of request to comprehend the present financial and the economic scenario of Smart Watches in Australia. The venture clarifies about the review of the literature and the clarification with respect to the economic investigation and the cost benefit examination of the Smart Watch Project. A small outline of the model of risk evaluation of Smart Watch project in Australia will be talked about in this area. The procedure of economic investigation are characterized as the scientific and measurements and designs. The economic analysis depends on the different strategies for the sensitivity of the economy and keeping in mind the end goal to make efficient identification of the comparative information and therefore it is fundamental to explore at least two procedures. Overview of Project Economical Analysis Techniques and Tools Australia is viewed as a vivacious free democracy of the market and there has been a dynamic economical advance that has been conceivable because of nonattendance of any kind of recessions. The successful procedure of the legislative system of Australia has been helpful for the economy and a free well-working lawful framework, bureaucracy has been the key factor for efficient entrepreneurial upgrade. Australia is considered as an alluring and dynamic country for investment. In the greater part of the situations, the legislature has diminished the level of investments and has motivated the private segment to attempt investments in various innovative projects (Posner, 2014). This has been seen in the Smart Watch Project where ventures are embraced essentially by the private sector. Australia has been successfully aggressive in the technological aspects of manufacturing of products and services. The rate of income tax is 45% and the rate of corporate tax has been 30%. One of the hopeful parameters of venture start ups in Australia has been rate of start up being higher as they have the likelihood leading to the development. The new business projects in Australia like the varieties in sources of funding and ventures like the Smart Watch Project tries to influence utilization of the equity finance amid the primary phases of the developments. The nation has been encountering issues and shocks in the amid the previous couple of years yet in the first quarter of 2017, the economy has recouped from this circumstance and this has seen a rise in the business confidence and the investors as well as the consumers in this manner would positively affect the investments in the business and expenditure of the investors (Morgenstern, 2014). The Australian economy is thought to be inside a strong base notwithstanding the different shortcomings in the ventures that are in nature non-mining. As for Smart Watch project in Australia it has been watched that the under taking has been encountering development and as this is an on-going procedure and this has prompted to rise in investments. The Australian economy has remained firm and has been developing despite the ascent in the cost of petrol and this has prompted the fall in the disposable income for the customers. The economy of the nation has been rising with the ascent in the interest rate which is being utilized for decreasing the inflation rate. The development of the economy has been conceivable as the government has been reducing the taxation rate (Blau et al., 2013). This would energize the financial investors of the business ventures to expand their interests in the Smart Watch project. This has prompted the development of the smart watch more successfully. The investigation of the Smart Watch has been conceivable with the help of economic analysis like the development of the factors that are accessible in the venture and the personalities, capacities and the equations that have been f ound in the venture report of Smart Watch Project. The economic analysis of the venture has been conceivable by taking a look at the costs and the aggregate funding that has been embraced for the conclusion of the venture. The table beneath would show an overview of the valuation of the project: Particulars Amount Residual Value Non-Current Assets: Trademark 400000 0 Patent 700000 0 Property,Plant Equipment 14000000 4200000 Furniture Fittings 900000 135000 Motor Vehicle 1400000 560000 Computer Equipment 1400000 0 Preliminary Expenses: Business Registration 90000 License Fees 140000 Deposit for Electricity 90000 90000 Deposit for Telephone Internet 40000 40000 Recruitment Cost 20000 Share Issuance Cost 25000 Bond Issuance Cost 10000 Other Miscellaneous Expenses 65000 Working Capital: Purchase of Raw Material 18000000 Wages Salaries 13500000 Manufacturing Overhead 8250000 Selling Marketing Expenses 547750 General Administrative Expenses 304750 40602500 TOTAL START UP COST 59882500 Capital Funding: Equity Capital 26947125 5 yrs. Bond 19761225 Loan From Bank 13174150 TOTAL CAPITAL EMPLOYED 59882500 The timeframe that has been assigned to the employees who are functioning in the Smart Watch project has been provided in the table below, which would act as a guideline of the procedures that would be undertaken for the completing the venture within the stipulated time. Assignment Start date Submission Duration Start up 1/03/2017 7/03/2017 1 week Activity 1- Researching the Australian markets and its economic scenario 08/03/2017 12/03/2017 4 days Activity 2- Financial evaluation of project 13/03/2017 30/03/2017 3 week Activity 3- Determining the financial viability of project by selecting the best alternative 31/03/2017 09/04/2017 2 weeks Uniform Annual Cash Flow The annual cash flow that is equivalent in nature for Smart Watch project consists of the inflow and the outflow of the cash. The cash flow gained from the operating activities means the payments that have been given to the suppliers and the cost related to direct labor. The annual cash flow of this project has been provided below: CASH FLOW STATEMENT: Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Cash Flow from Operating Activities: Cash Sales $42,000,000 $46,063,500 $50,520,144 $55,407,968 $60,768,688 Collection from Debtors $57,750,000 $68,587,313 $75,223,135 $82,500,973 $90,482,942 Cash Purchase ($14,400,000) ($15,793,200) ($17,321,192) ($18,997,017) ($20,834,979) Payment to Suppliers ($18,000,000) ($23,341,500) ($25,599,790) ($28,076,570) ($30,792,978) Direct Labor Cost ($24,750,000) ($29,394,563) ($32,238,486) ($35,357,560) ($38,778,404) Manufacturing Expenses ($16,500,000) ($18,096,375) ($19,847,199) ($21,767,416) ($23,873,413) Insurance ($11,000) ($11,275) ($11,557) ($11,846) ($12,142) Rates Taxes ($5,500) ($5,638) ($5,778) ($5,923) ($6,071) Salary of Office Staffs ($82,500) ($92,063) ($94,364) ($96,723) ($99,141) Cleaning Charges ($4,000) ($4,100) ($4,203) ($4,308) ($4,415) Electricity for Office ($12,833) ($14,321) ($14,679) ($15,046) ($15,422) Telephone Internet ($6,417) ($7,160) ($7,339) ($7,523) ($7,711) Salary of Marketing Staffs ($128,333) ($143,208) ($146,789) ($150,458) ($154,220) Sales Commissions @1.5% on Sales ($525,000) ($575,794) ($631,502) ($692,600) ($759,609) Travelling charges @2% on Sales ($262,500) ($287,897) ($315,751) ($346,300) ($379,804) Income Tax Expenses ($5,760,051) ($6,490,091) ($7,287,756) ($8,159,959) ($9,114,240) Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Operating Activities $19,301,866 $20,393,629 $22,216,894 $24,219,693 $26,419,082 Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Purchase of Non-Current Assets ($18,800,000) Preliminary Expenses ($480,000) Sale of Assets $4,895,000 Return on Deposits $130,000 Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Investing Activities ($19,280,000) $0 $0 $0 $5,025,000 Cash Flow from Financing Activities: Share Issue $26,947,125 Bonds Issue $19,761,225 Loan From Bank $13,174,150 Interest Payment ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) Dividend Payment ($4,704,042) ($5,300,241) ($5,951,667) ($6,663,966) ($7,443,296) Repayment of Bond ($19,761,225) Repayment of Loan from Bank ($13,174,150) Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Financing Activities $52,543,628 ($7,935,071) ($8,586,497) ($9,298,796) ($43,013,501) Net Cash Increase/(Decrease) for the period $52,565,494 $12,458,558 $13,630,397 $14,920,897 ($11,569,419) Add: Opening Cash Balance $0 $52,565,494 $65,024,052 $78,654,448 $93,575,346 Closing Cash Balance $52,565,494 $65,024,052 $78,654,448 $93,575,346 $82,005,926 Net Present Value (Present Worth) The net present value (NPV) for this venture has been provided with respect to the current rate of inflation, the present growth rate and the percentage of WACC. The NPV value for the venture has been 117309330 and this value has indicated that the project has been running successfully with the variations of the various economic factors. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) The Internal Rate of Return of the Smart Watch venture has accounted for 44.43%, which suggests that the venture has a positive impact and the venture can be feasible for additional investments. The rate of internal return would vary with respect to the transformations in the rate of inflation, rate of growth and WACC. The value of IRR has revealed that investments can be efficient in the Smart Watch Project as there is demand in the market for innovative products and hence would influence the investors to make further investments into the venture. Modified IRR The modifications in the rate of IRR are possible with the changes in the rate of inflation, WACC and rate of growth. The transformations in these economic factors would mean changes. The other factors can be rise in the level of investments and as well as profit from sale of the product that has an influence in the rate of change in the IRR. The rise in the IRR would mean that the project has been doing well and hence would be beneficial if any investor undertakes investments in these projects. Cost Benefit Analysis The cost benefit assessment has been found to be the method with the assistance of which the decisions related to the business can be analyzed (Dunn 2015). The benefits of this actions and situations that are associated with the business are added and then the expenses associated with the implementation of the action are assessed. The cost benefit analysis of Smart Watch project has been assessing the entire costs that are associated to the venture and then assessing the income that are created by taking help of the financial institutions and the profit from the sale of the products. The evaluation of the cost of shown below: Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Inflation Rate 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% Sales Growth Rate 7% 7% 7% 7% Sales Volume 30000 32100 34347 36751 39324 Selling Price Per Unit $3,500 $3,588 $3,677 $3,769 $3,863 Total Sales Revenue $105,000,000 $115,158,750 $126,300,359 $138,519,919 $151,921,721 Cost of Good Sold per unit: Raw Material Consumed ($1,200) ($1,230) ($1,261) ($1,292) ($1,325) Direct Labor Cost ($900) ($923) ($946) ($969) ($993) Total Cost of Goods Sold p.u. ($2,100) ($2,153) ($2,206) ($2,261) ($2,318) Total Cost of Goods Sold ($63,000,000) ($69,095,250) ($75,780,215) ($83,111,951) ($91,153,033) GROSS PROFIT $42,000,000 $46,063,500 $50,520,144 $55,407,968 $60,768,688 Variable Manufacturing Overhead p.u ($550) ($564) ($578) ($592) ($607) Total Variable Manufacturing Overhead ($16,500,000) ($18,096,375) ($19,847,199) ($21,767,416) ($23,873,413) Depreciation on Property,Plant Equipment ($1,960,000) ($1,960,000) ($1,960,000) ($1,960,000) ($1,960,000) Total Manufacturing Overhead ($18,460,000) ($20,056,375) ($21,807,199) ($23,727,416) ($25,833,413) General Administrative Expenses: Depreciation on Furniture Fixtures ($90,000) ($81,000) ($72,900) ($65,610) ($59,049) Depreciation on Computer Equipment ($168,000) ($147,840) ($130,099) ($114,487) ($100,749) Amortization of Patent ($80,000) ($80,000) ($80,000) ($80,000) ($80,000) Amortization of Trademark ($140,000) ($140,000) ($140,000) ($140,000) ($140,000) Insurance ($11,000) ($11,275) ($11,557) ($11,846) ($12,142) Rates Taxes ($5,500) ($5,638) ($5,778) ($5,923) ($6,071) Salary of Office Staffs ($90,000) ($92,250) ($94,556) ($96,920) ($99,343) Cleaning Charges ($4,000) ($4,100) ($4,203) ($4,308) ($4,415) Electricity for Office ($14,000) ($14,350) ($14,709) ($15,076) ($15,453) Telephone Internet ($7,000) ($7,175) ($7,354) ($7,538) ($7,727) Total General Administrative Expenses ($609,500) ($583,628) ($561,156) ($541,708) ($524,949) Selling Marketing Expenses: Depreciation on Motor Vehicle ($168,000) ($147,840) ($130,099) ($114,487) ($100,749) Salary of Marketing Staffs ($140,000) ($143,500) ($147,088) ($150,765) ($154,534) Sales Commissions @0.5% on Sales ($525,000) ($575,794) ($631,502) ($692,600) ($759,609) Travelling charges @0.25% on Sales ($262,500) ($287,897) ($315,751) ($346,300) ($379,804) Total Selling Marketing Expenses ($1,095,500) ($1,155,031) ($1,224,439) ($1,304,151) ($1,394,696) Net Operating Profit/(Loss) $21,835,000 $24,268,467 $26,927,349 $29,834,692 $33,015,630 Interest Expenses: Interest on Bond ($1,383,286) ($1,383,286) ($1,383,286) ($1,383,286) ($1,383,286) Interest on Loan From Bank ($1,251,544) ($1,251,544) ($1,251,544) ($1,251,544) ($1,251,544) Total Interest Expenses ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) ($2,634,830) Net Profit before Tax $19,200,170 $21,633,637 $24,292,519 $27,199,862 $30,380,800 Income Tax Expenses ($5,760,051) ($6,490,091) ($7,287,756) ($8,159,959) ($9,114,240) Net Profit after Tax $13,440,119 $15,143,546 $17,004,763 $19,039,903 $21,266,560 Gross Profit Margin 40.00% 40.00% 40.00% 40.00% 40.00% Net Profit Margin 12.80% 13.15% 13.46% 13.75% 14.00% Return on Equity 49.88% 56.20% 63.10% 70.66% 78.92% Other Decision Making Models - Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Model There are different decision making frameworks that are accessible to the management of the ventures so as to assess the operations of the venture and embrace decisions appropriately. The utilization of the decision framework is subject to the management and the management undertakes effective use according to their requirements in the expansion of the Smart Watch project. There are different models that include the Multi-Attribute Decision Making Model, Multi-Criteria Decision making Model, Analytical Hierarchy Process and so forth (Dixon et al., 2013). These frameworks can be utilized as a part of an efficient way for Smart Watch Project and effective decisions concerning the operational exercises can be developed, which would mean the conclusion of the venture before the due date appointed. MCDM in Financial Decision Making for Projects The MCDM procedure makes utilization of tools and mechanisms that assists in the nature of the financial method for the process of economic making of decisions and to the nature of the resulting decisions (Coates IV 2014). MCDM considers issues associated with the financial decisions as a multiple criteria as problems related to the financial decisions happen because of the mistakes in various figures of accounting, which could affect the financial statement of the Smart Work Project. These issues for the most part emerge because of the compelling task of the insufficient capital and the substitute usage of the assets. Thus, it is fundamental for the management of the Smart Watch project to look in to the designated assets in an efficient way by taking help of this model as this would be effective to use the resources needed for the undertaking in the areas were these resources require more importance so the venture can be finished inside the stipulated time and the every last part o f the venture gets equivalent significance according to the requirement. MADM The Multi Attribute Decision Making framework is a critical piece for the innovative decision for science. It expects that there is different arrangement of substitutes for the different traits, which the management who are making decisions requires to assess and analyse. The objective of this model has been to find the requested substitute for helping the procedure of decision making. The issues that have been related with the MADM has been corrected by taking assistance of the conventional procedures like the analytical hierarchy process, simple additive weighing method and TOPSIS method (Campbell, Brown 2015). The MADM procedure investigates the distinctive features associated with the venture as opposed to the cost. In this situation, it has been watched that Smart Watch Project has looked in to the traits of providing innovative products to the consumers of Australia so that they can improve their standard of living and have a better life for themselves. It is even observed tha t caring for the essential requirements of the consumers by providing all the beneficial services within a watch is an effective process for the expansion of the project as well increase in the revenue of the project and the organization as well. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) The Analytical Hierarchy Process is a method that is organized for assessing and sorting out the decisions that are in nature complex and this has been completed by relying upon the scientific procedure (Pearce et al., 2013). Concerning the Smart Watch Project, the fundamental goal has been to build a multifunctional smart watch that would be beneficial for every consumer with a stipulated time and at an economical cost. It is seen that different criteria are built by taking a look at the cost, effectiveness and demand (Sderqvist et al., 2015). These perspectives would be taken into in picking the best substitute technique that would be utilized by the management keeping in mind the end goal to complete the venture successfully. Henceforth, one might say that making usage of the policies and strategies would be effective for the enhancement of the smart venture adequately. Best Practices for Business Growth One of the greatest difficulties in business development is sustainable development. The long and the short term profits require to be remembered while executing the processes for the growth of the business. Various organizations have distinctive explanations behind the intention of sustainability yet the principle ideas are constant. The preciseness of the business intentions should be kept up. The concerned personnel should over and again look at their sense of intention and in addition guarantee that the company fills the need of the venture appropriately. There ought to be a steady and in addition predictable sense of development (Gigler et al., 2014). It additionally ought to include persistent pragmatic advancement. The real purpose for an organization adds to their USP. It is better for an association to have an unmistakable value and aim for the intention of business development. The smart watch venture needs to use the acts of security, safety and improvement in the lifestyle of the consumers which is one of the highlights the venture looks to accomplish (Wakefield, Myers 2016). Collaboration as well as partnership is likewise a critical factor for the fruitful foundation of the business development. Despite the fact that accomplishing everything uniquely during the time of a business venture is enticing and sensible if there should arise an occurrence of very little accessibility of funds, the best thing to do is to locate the most ideal partners for the smart watch venture. The coordinated effort with the appropriate partners if there should arise an occurrence of the smart watch project will help in the growth and effective development and will likewise be continuous. It is important to know precisely what to do at a specific time in light of the fact that the demands of various ventures are unique. The undertaking ought to be done such that the idea of smart watch venture is considered fruitful and aids in the foundation of the effective strides in the business development. The smart watch venture ought to have appropriate offices alongside the idea of development and also recovery alternatives. A business ecosystem is a financial society of companies and in addition people who function in various ways. It is important to comprehend the requirements of the smart watch venture are not quite the same as other commercial ventures like shopping centres etc. The business ecosystem motivates the organizations undertaking the inventive action and also troublesome tasks by accomplishment of their competitive capacities (Dixon et al., 2013). With a specific end goal to guarantee that the business needs of a specific undertaking are met, it ought to be maintained that the management or the leaders under whom the venture is occurring, should know each specific phase of development. Retrospection, mindfulness, and in addition a key feeling for strategy is essential which is both for the short and term ventures (Solomon et al., 2015). The management accountable for the smart watch venture ought to receive a versatile and in addition an adaptable nature of initiative. By being careful and additionally understanding the business procedures provides the best outcomes for any given task. The sustainable investment in the abilities of individual employees and even with the company helps in the development of the venture (Psacharopoulos, 2014). Business Growth Strategies The business growth strategies should concentrate on the idea of the current venture. It ought to be comprehended that the idea of the smart watch venture is extraordinary. The development of the smart watch venture should be the principle centre of the organization that is busy with the construction of the venture. The production ventures should be undertaken appropriately and the information should be expressed ahead of time too (Zhou et al., 2015). The smart watch venture should not be manufactured in such a way so that it fails to gain the heart of the consumers but should be manufactured with the best quality and features so that new and potential consumers purchase the product as well leading to the rise in the customer base. In other words, it can be explained that smart watch venture looks to comply or correspond with the revolution in the watch technology in order to become a positive impact on the consumers to improve their life style with the help of effective lifestyle and positivity. The cost productivity should be remembered while continuing the smart watch venture. The cost of raw materials is significant and they likewise cause the drainage of the key resources from the various other sectors (Liu et al., 2014). The disclosure to the impact of private financing activities demonstrates that the cost funds are never conveyed. The decreasing of the production quality and the facilities ought not be done in an approach to really hurt the consumers. Profitability Index The index of profitability is also known as the value investment or the profit investment ratio for any manufacturing and production venture and therefore this has been process for project ranking as it grants to quantify the amount of the value established due to the per unit investment. In accordance to the present profitability index of Smart Watch Venture, it can be stated that the profitability index has been 1.96 and hence it can be said that this venture would lead to efficient development of the venture within the scheduled time. Recommendation The venture has been set up by embracing various researches within the Australian market and assessment of the financial reports, project background and the extent of the venture. The nation has been considered as the democracy based market that is energetic and has been working like this for more than 25 years and this development has been conceivable because of the lower level of recessions. The efficient procedure of the legislature has benefitted the Smart Watch Venture due to a viable and effective functioning legal framework. The presence of such a efficient legal framework and government controls has uncovered a successful economic process and this has inspired the private sector organizations to embrace interests in such activities. Thus it is seen that Technocrat has shown interest in the Smart Watch Venture and this in a way would enhance the income for the organization and even conclude the venture in an efficient way. As per the financial anticipations of the Smart Watch Venture it has been watched that this project would be extremely possible to ensure the development and steadiness in the Australian region. It has been prescribed that the venture ought to embrace the practices that they have been performing right now as this has been a successful procedure and efficient utilization of the venture would prompt the effective rate of profitability for Technocrat and conclusion of the venture within the scheduled time period with effective features in the smart watch making the life of the consumers easy and beautiful. Reference Ansar, A., Flyvbjerg, B., Budzier, A., Lunn, D. (2014). Should we build more large dams? The actual costs of hydropower megaproject development.Energy Policy,69, 43-56. Ayyub, B. M. (2014).Risk analysis in engineering and economics. CRC Press. Bateman, I. J., Harwood, A. R., Mace, G. M., Watson, R. T., Abson, D. J., Andrews, B., ... Fezzi, C. (2013). Bringing ecosystem services into economic decision-making: land use in the United Kingdom.science,341(6141), 45-50. Blau, F. D., Ferber, M. A., Winkler, A. E. (2013).The economics of women, men and work. 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What is criminology An Annotated bibliography an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

What is criminology? An Annotated bibliography The credibility of this book stems from the fact that is written by an expert in the field of criminology. This is demonstrated by his having been awarded the Teacher's Excellence Award by Mercyhurst College (2006) and recipient of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Fellow Award (2000). The author, Frank E. Hagan, holds degrees from Case Western Reserve and Gannon, Maryland. Director of the James V. Kinnane Graduate Program in Administration of Justice, he has written many journal articles and authored seven other books: Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology; Deviance and the Family; Political Crime; Crime Types and Criminals; Essentials of Research Methods in Criminal Justice; The Language of Research; and White Collar Deviance. Need essay sample on "What is criminology? An Annotated bibliography" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Content Analysis Criminology and crime are two distinct areas which have often been misused; sometimes being used interchangeably or applied in the wrong context (Siegel 2008). Having an understanding that criminology is a much wider subject area than crime; and that the latter forms one of the subsets of the former; is important for undergraduate students keen on studying criminology and the wider subject of sociology. That is why this book is especially for such undergraduate criminology and sociology students; offering them the much-needed introductory approach to an otherwise strange and wide area. Presenting criminology as an interdisciplinary subject dealing with studies of the nature, causes, extent, and control of criminal behavior (Siegel 2008), this book offers deep insights into the real world of crime and criminal behavior. It not only provides a theoretical framework of criminology but also the accompanying cases and real-life crimes in order to enable its users to better articulate the subject matter and be more appreciative of it in its entirety (Deflem 2006). College Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support:Who wants to write assignment for me?Professional writers propose:Help With Essay WritingWriting Essay Company Order Essay Online Review College Essay Writing Service Cheap Essay Help The book also pays a lot of attention to the various crime typologies that have not been included in the earlier editions; and is inclusive of critical Crime Files boxes which make it more appealing to readers by offering not only real-world but also well-known examples of all the various types of crime. As such, it enables the student who is just starting it out on this subject to develop a firm foundation upon which further learning could be built. Further, the book discusses the major criminological theories, and is inclusive of biosocial and psychosocial theories. That aside, the book discusses the latest computer crimes that have been brought about by technological advancement. Other critical areas covered are political, white collar (Israel et al. 2009), and organized crime; property crime, various types of violent crime, public order crime, and professional crime. Such content is bound to interest the undergraduate student through the development of a curiosity about criminal tendencies. The overall content of the book is vital to the subject matter. It extends beyond a mere definition of criminology to illustrate how it comes about and how it can be dealt with. The 7th edition has current information, and is written in an easy-to-understand manner. The language is credible, never seeking to portray people engaged in various acts of crime as outcasts but rather pointing to the responsibility of the entire society. Although basically building upon earlier editions, the book also incorporates information from a wide array of other sources, including cases and real-world examples. For instance, earlier editions did not contain anything about computer crime (Casey 2004). Neither was there any information regarding white collar crime. However, this edition is updated with a lot of case information about computer crime one of the leading and most costly modern-day crimes. Finally, the issue of terror-related crime (terrorism) is given consideration, a clear illustration o f the books in-depth coverage of emerging as well as traditional crimes (Hamm 2007). The reasoning of the author is very objective and so capable of appealing to all kinds of readership. References Casey, E 2004. Digital evidence and computer crime: forensic science, computers and the Internet. Academic Press Deflem, M 2006. Sociological Theory and Criminological Research: Views from Europe and the United States. Elsevier Hamm, M 2007. Terrorism as crime: from Oklahoma City to Al-Qaeda and beyond. NYU Press Israel, JH et al. 2009. White collar crime: law and practice. West Siegel, L 2008. Criminology. Cengage Learning

Lyda Newman Invents Vented Hair Brush

Lyda Newman Invents Vented Hair Brush African-American inventor Lyda D. Newman patented a new and improved hairbrush in 1898  while living in New York. A hairdresser by trade, Newman designed a brush that was easy to keep clean, durable, easy to make and provided ventilation during brushing by having recessed air chambers. In addition to her novel invention, she was a womens rights activist.   Hairbrush Improvement Patent Newman received patent #614,335 on Nov. 15, 1898. Her hairbrush design included several features for efficiency and hygiene. It had evenly spaced rows of bristles, with open slots to guide debris away from the hair into a recessed compartment and a back that could be opened at the touch of a button for cleaning out the compartment. Women's Rights Activist In 1915, Newman was mentioned in local newspapers for her suffrage work. She was one of the organizers of an African-American branch of the Woman Suffrage Party, which was fighting to give women the legal right to vote. Working on behalf of her fellow African-American women in New York, Newman canvassed her neighborhood to raise awareness of the cause and organized suffrage meetings in her voting district. Prominent white suffragists of the Woman Suffrage Party worked with Newmans group, hoping to bring voting rights to all of New Yorks female residents. Her Life Newman was born in Ohio around 1885. Government censuses of 1920 and 1925 confirm that Newman, then in her 30s, was living in an apartment building on Manhattans West Side and was working as a familys hairdresser. Newman lived much of her adult life in New York City. Not much else is known about her private life. Hairbrush History Newman did not invent the hairbrush, but she did revolutionize its design to resemble the brushes in use more today. The history of the first hairbrush begins with the comb. Found by archaeologists at Paleolithic dig sites around the world, combs date back to the origins of human-made tools. Carved from bone, wood, and shells, they were initially used to groom hair and keep it free of pests, such as lice. As the comb developed, however, it became a decorative hair ornament used to display wealth and power in countries including China and Egypt.   From ancient Egypt to Bourbon France, elaborate hairstyles were in vogue, which required brushes to style them. The hairstyles included ornate headdresses and wigs that were used as displays of wealth and social status. Because of their primary use as a styling tool, hairbrushes were an indulgence reserved exclusively for the wealthy. As late as the 1880s, each brush was unique and carefully handcrafted- a task that included carving or forging a handle from wood or metal as well as hand-stitching each individual bristle. Because of this detailed work, brushes were usually bought and gifted only on special occasions, such as weddings or christenings, and cherished for life. As brushes became more popular, brush makers developed a streamlined manufacturing process to keep up with demand.

African American Culture Reflection Response Essay

African American Culture Reflection Response - Essay Example African American culture has been growing independently from the standard American culture given craving of African American to hone their traditions, and additionally the racial isolation determination in America. As a result, African American culture has turn out to be a critical piece of American society, though then, for a certain period, it will be an unmistakable culture, which can be separated from it. One of the examples that can be used to understand African American Culture is naming; how they use to name people. African American culture considers names to be regularly have some connection with the same dialect group as other mainstream names found in American culture. The act of embracing neo-African or Islamic names did not pick up prevalence in anticipation of the Civil Rights period. This wilk be the last period. Endeavors to recoup African legacy roused determination of names with more profound social importance. Preceding this, the use of African names, which for two reasons, it was not considered to be pragmatic. First, some African Americans were a few eras expelled from the final predecessor to posses an African name. Moreover, African American practiced naming, which originates before the invention of African names. While trying to come up with their particular names, African American parents’ growth (regarding numbers), beginning in the post-World War II period, started making new names given sounds they discovered satisfying, for example, Marquon, DaShawn, LaTasha, or Shandra.

Environmental Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Economics - Essay Example The principle of efficiency states that it is almost impossible to make someone happy without causing another person to be unhappy. This means that it is hard to achieve a situation where there is no drilling and at the same time there is no effect on the economy of the country. If the drilling process is continued then pollution will increase a lot but at the same time there will be an improvement in the economy of the state. This means that a way should be sought so as to balance the benefits and the cost so that one side does not exceed the other. This is done by having the efficiency standards. The efficiency standards for the drilling process are that a certain amount of drilling should not be exceeded. This controls the way that the drilling companies drill and the extent at which they can go. The safety standards that are in place is that no one is expected to go into the drilling sites without proper clothing that prevent them from being hurt. The drilling companies are not a llowed to dig past some depth, in order to avoid a situation where the walls of the drilling sites collapse and kill people. The number of people that work in the drilling site must also be known and they have to be checked every month for any abnormalities. Hospitals and doctors are also expected to be near this site so that incase there is any medical emergency one can be rushed to the hospital (Goodstein 54) Measuring the cost of environmental protection This is the measure of how costly it is to the government and all other stakeholders when the negative impact of drilling is seen. There are lots of negative effects that cost the government when it comes to hydrofracking. This includes the engineering costs as well as the cost such as treating the people who are affected negatively by the drilling process. The engineering cost are the total cost of coming up with the plant which include building and equipping the plant over a lifetime. This is the main cost of the drilling proce ss as it entails a lot of equipment, a lot of skilled and unskilled labour so that the plant can run. These costs also include the pollution control costs; these are the costs that are to be met in order to prevent any pollution from occurring. The table below shows how the cost of engineering has been estimated since the 1990 to date and how it is related. Type of pollutant 1972 1980 1990 200 Air $12.9 $28.8 $45.1 $71.5 Water $15 $30 $55 $93 Land $10 $18 $43 $61 Chemicals $0.1 $1 $1.5 $2 other $1 $1 $1.7 $2.7 total $78 $150 $260 $360 According to this report the government spends a lot of cash in trying to avoid pollution that is caused by drilling than the amount that it gets from some of its investments. The negative effects that are associated with drilling include the costs of treating those that are affected by the radiations and other effects of the drilling process. The issues are cancer related, and also include diseases and those deaths that come as a result of drilling. I t is estimated that the government spent a total of $467 B in the treatment of those that were affected by the drilling process. This means that it is costing the government a lot of money to treat and to try and cover for the effect that comes with the influence of the drilling process. Measuring benefits that come with the drilling process include the income that it brings to the government. The drilling proces

Management, innovation and new technology Essay

Management, innovation and new technology - Essay Example In other words, technology is used to shape social life in one way or another. Therefore, it is difficult to think about a social life that is free from the influence of technology at the moment. According to Williams and Edge (1996), Social Shaping of Technology (SST) is a concept that claims that there are choices (conscious or unconscious) inherent in every individual that force him to think about innovation and creativity. The social shaping perspective emerged from a long-standing critique of crude forms of technological determinism (Edge, 1988). There is no point in thinking that innovation and creativity are generated only in the minds of wise people alone. In fact, these things are inherited in almost every human being. However, some forces are necessary to bring out the creativity and innovative ideas from the minds of people. As per the scientific principles, inertia is a human tendency. In other words, human has a tendency to stay in his present state as much as possible. A force is necessary to change his present state. Most of the people keep innovative ideas in their mind as long as the circumstances demand its use. Circumstantial forces usually help people to bring out their ideas. According to MacKenzie and Wajcman (1999), the social shaping of technology in most of the cases is a process in which there is no single dominant shaping force. In other words, multiple forces usually contribute to the social shaping of technology. This paper discusses how the social shaping perspective helps us to understand the social and organizational implications of technological change? Technology is changing day by day because of the rapid advancements in science. For example, analogue signals were used for the propagation of TV signals in the past. However, these signals were unable to provide better viewing abilities to the people. As a result of that people realised the

Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon Film Techniques

Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon Film Techniques In this essay, I would like to talk about a film which is called Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. It is a ancient Chinese martial art film, it is according to Chinese novelist Wang Du Lus novels written by Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon as the basis for further adaptation of films. After the release, Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon create the highest box office of foreign language film in U.S. history .The local incomes was 1.28 billion U.S. dollars, and become the worlds largest Chinese-language films movie incomes. This film shines on the international market, and also covers 40 international awards in one fell swoop. In addition, in view under the influence of exceptional film, so that some company intends to follow the movie again to re-set off a wave of martial arts films. As regards to the film, it has a great success, not only because the script and good performers, and also because of the director in the framing, composition and other photography operation, succeeded in bringing to record the role of the real moment to the audience. Because of these Factors, this film can be a huge success. As far as to the film genre, it is a Chinese martial art (Kong Fu) film; it has a bit different with the normal martial art film. In the natural martial art film, it is a type of entertainment, a film which the circumstance includes a series of action scene most: fighting, special effects, car chases, explosions. The story is usually the side of justice against the evil side; the solution is often resort to violence. Action film masters always a physical strong male hero, generally obvious that he represents the moral standards, the ethical guidelines of Western culture in general and consistent with view of the world. It always uses some external factors and props, to create tension in some of the scenes the audience, most of the plot revolves around violence. In the film, action itself only a few describe role, but primarily in order to attract viewers. Violence, which are often particularly exaggerated, and therefore there is no relationship between the real phenomenon. (Wheeler W , 2000, p.82) However, in the Chinese martial art film, especially since by Bruce Lees films started the emphasis of human power and human-looking action movie. One of the features including the slow motion effects, strange sound, and has led to the formation of sub-genres: Kong Fu movies. It advocated every movement should have a beauty of physical, and good at use some small action to show that how good of the Kung Fu, such as using a very small action to break the table, walking on the wall with using a dodge. In addition, in every Chinese martial art film, it emphasizes on justice and the evil can not win the righteousness, and also it would show the traditional Chinese etiquette diplomacy before the use of force. (David W, 2006, p.226) With respects to the special features of the Chinese martial art film. Martial art in the West and the East direction, but it has a fast and slow polarization difference. Western films dealing with the fight scenes, deliberately slow down the action so lush clearly show the Chinese martial arts films are used to using a lot of quick shots, the process of manufacturing the tense atmosphere of martial arts. This is a very interesting phenomenon, the formation of the main differences between Eastern and Western audiences viewing experience to accumulate. So in shooting to this film, the director focused more on how to make martial arts become even more beautiful, so in the camera movement and the focus would always change, let the audience also can feel the emotion from the performer s movement. (David W, 2006, p.137) For the Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, its talking about a sword bring out exact revenge against, which also interspersed with the presence of chivalry, in addition highlights the profound Chinese martial arts are also show feelings of love between the protagonists. In the story, Limu Bai (the main character) prominent position on the arena, because he wanted to retired, and entrusted to his love Sword Qingming Jian for Yu Xiulian, and told her transferred it to the Royal Highness custody. However, at the midnight, one girl call Jen sneaked into the imperial palace steal the Qingming Jian to her master, after that, The characters began to develop a complex relationship because of the sword. As regards to the technique of the camera movement in this film, most of the audience would like to concentrate on the action of the characters in the Chinese Kong Fu film, as result of this, most of the senses in the film are shooting the fighting in the film. In Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon , it has a scene which has two girls order to the sword and fight with each other. In this scene, the location is in the courtyard of the house, which means it is like a chamber of secret. It is represent both of them must has one will be die, as the coliseum in Rome in ancient time, and also it has a lot of weapon on the wall, when they are fighting, Yu always change different kind of weapon to confront Jel, it is because she is using the reason of their struggle - Qingming Jian . (Malkiewicz, Mullen, 2001, p.55) Moreover, in during shooting their fight, the lighting was using the low key lighting, this is in order to bring weapons spark generated when the collision so that the audience will be more tension into the plot. Furthermore, for the camera movement, firstly it is a long shot to show the location and they are going to fight, and then it use a lot of close up, over shoulder and extreme close up to illustrate how they fight with using different Kong Fu and weapons, during they are fighting, it also has some bird s eye view shot to show how intense of their fight, because it also show the ground fault of the weapons and the struggle traces. In the one particular shot of this scene which is show her shaking hand, and pan to her face and her body, although her whole body is shaking and got hurt in the fight, but she still want to against to Yu. In this scene, it is totally talking about how the thief fight with the protector, however, the thief also has her own belief comply with all orde r from her master. It s show how chaos of the society in that time, for the most of the people they believe stronger can do whatever they want. This is the reason why Jen very eager the Qingming Jian and stole it. (Malkiewicz, Mullen, 2001, p.219) However, in this film, it also has a very justice side, such as Jen tried to grab Li s sward in the palace, but he caught her attack and taught her the truth of life rather than hurt her. Finally, when Jen deflower captured, He told her: virtue can actually win over a person, rather than by sharp weapons or high-strength Kong Fu. In this scene, the director side of the Lis kindness and noble character with a special composition to show up, for example, it use a lot of two shot and over shoulder to show the audience that Li want to guide her back to be good rather than hurt Jen, even though in one scene, Li trough the Qingming Jian into the waterfall from the top of hill, but Jen still jump down and tried to get it back; in this scene, it use a long shot and till down to show the audience the Jen jump down to the waterfall without any hesitation, and also from Li facial expression, it s completely show to the audience that how Jen desire of the power and bring out how Li lamenting he r, forming an enormous comparison. (David W, 2006, p.97) As far as to the reason why the Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon can get a great success rather than other film, it s because the director Ang Lee Tried to attract the whole world audience , as people know, Chinese martial arts is undoubtedly elements of the definition of foreigners, so you want to grasp this point Lee, Feiyanzoubi , superficial, roof chase, throwing knives hidden weapon, fighting on the tree .. a series of Chinese products duel, foreign How can people do not seem strange? How can audience not surprise? The way in the shooting, the director Ang Lee has done all the details in every possible way. in the light text effect, he spent most of the low key lighting to keep the mystery of kung fu; the lens shooting, he spent a lot of The third-person perspective and two shot make the audience appreciate the traditional Chinese martial arts, and he can also take care while a lot of details, such as eye contact play against the two sides, the audience can understand the meaning of what they want to say without the dialogue. And in all of the shooting locations, those are based on the original to choose the location. For the storyline, it s also different from the general martial arts is an endless stream of good and evil struggle, Li and blue-eyed about the conflict of good and evil really chivalrous, but this conflict has been simplified, it is no longer the whole story centres, on the contrary, Li, Yu and Jen into the conflict between a very important clue, and this trail Behind the concept is actually the collision of two lakes: Lee swallowed things, experience the vicissitudes of life, like Qi Jian can not, and Jen is newly hatched into the society, the martial arts as an escape, pleasure allies and enemies of the solution, Li: abide by the rules, is a wisdom, rather than a trite. More in order to insinuate the director of youth in our society should think twice before doing things. (Clifford W, 2009, p. 84) In conclusion, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is the second after Bruce Lee; it is a great classic of traditional Chinese martial arts film, which not only martial arts into a kind of popular culture, this is catching on people heart. On the other hand, they too successful, who later left to insurmountable heights. Most of the classic martial arts to the protagonist as a narrative perspective, such as the works of Bruce Lee. However, in Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon, the protagonist is not clear, there is no obvious emotional tendencies, the director always stand in a more neutral point of view to describe this story , makes the film seem relatively calm, even if the final outcome of the tragedy, there is no excessive emotional catharsis. So, the director Ang Lees martial arts perspective, not chivalry, but in the political arena, his intention is want arena as a special form of society to describe, display, and analysis the narrative perspective of a neutral has become a necessity. As a film, Ang Lee must be discarded offshoot of distal, straght the point; therefore, it is no longer a knight who owed focus, they shuttled between the secular arena and the sorrows and joys, gains and losses, and what they are thinking about is the key pointo of this film. Moreover, the director also not always looking at the development of conflict, he often intentionally or unintentionally, the main line of the story with the then secular society, people practices cross the shuttle, so as to find countless ties between them provide a Imagination. (Clifford W, 2009, p. 98) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is not like a general Chinese Kung Fu film, its advantages in its overall production well structured film, paper and wind distribution of the average, the plot to promote smooth, entertaining; costumes and sets are elegant, rich taste of China. in addition it also use a very great cinematography technique to support the director s idea, which is instead the deep meaning of human thinking in the society at that time, this is Ang Lees unique talent and style. Renfences: E David West, 2006, Chasing dragons: an introduction to the martial arts film, LB.Tauris Co Ltd, New York. E Wheeler W. Dixon, 2000, Film genre 2000: new critical essays, State of New York Press, Albany E J. Kris Malkiewicz, M. David Mullen, 2001, Cinematography: a guide for filmmakers and film teachers, Fireside Rockefeller Center, New York. E Clifford W. Mills, Ang Lee, 2009, Infobase, New York

I Didnt Choose Home Schooling :: Personal Narrative, education

I Didn't Choose Home Schooling I didn't choose to be taught at home; my parents decided for me. I was four, and my toddler priorities lay elsewhere. Little did I know that I was volunteering for an educational experiment. Every September my parents and I had our annual discussion about continuing home schooling versus sending me to "regular" school. I don't know if I thought school would be a bit boring or if I was afraid of change, but I always chose to stay home. I did go to school for a few classes and for violin lessons, but much of my time there was spent explaining my sporadic attendance to teachers and classmates. I grew accustomed to giving both rote and wry answers to questions like, "Do you watch TV all day?" The rote answer was "No, of course not. I do the same things you do in school." The wry answer was "Yes, from nine to noon," watching their faces form into expressions of disbelief. I didn't tell them I was watching Massachusetts Educational Television on PBS. When discussing home schooling with strangers or skeptical parents, the first question usually concerns "socialization", often posed bluntly as "Do you have any friends?" Sports and orchestra brought me into contact with kids my age, but even then it was a common interest rather than a common age that drew us together. Over the years, I found wonderful friends in Mendelssohn, O. Henry, a German woman on my paper route who was a World War II refugee, Newsweek, a paralyzed basketball coach who couldn't walk but still coached me as if he could, history books, and a range of musical instruments from viola to tinwhistle. People are always relieved to discover that I'm not a hermit. Home schooling gave me the freedom to explore and experiment. We Traded houses with an Irish family and lived in Galway for a month. I was never given actual lessons on "how to write a sentence"; I learned as I wrote history essays. Few schools would have allowed me to research the sinking of the Titanic, but my parents let me read about it, build models of it and learn about watertight bulkheads. (I even managed to finish my math book that year, too.) As I got older, people started to ask if being taught at home was going to hinder me in college.